Malpresentation in Pregnancy Causes Types Diagnosis and Management
Comprehensive guide on malpresentation in obstetrics including causes types diagnosis complications and stepwise management for exam and clinical practice.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is malpresentation in pregnancy?
Malpresentation is any fetal presentation other than vertex (head-down, occipito-anterior) at the time of labor, such as breech, transverse lie, face, or brow presentation.
What is the most common malpresentation at term?
Breech presentation is the most common malpresentation, occurring in about 3–4% of term pregnancies.
What are the main types of malpresentation?
The main types include:
Breech presentation
Transverse lie
Oblique lie
Face presentation
Brow presentation
Compound presentation
Breech presentation
Transverse lie
Oblique lie
Face presentation
Brow presentation
Compound presentation
What are the common causes of malpresentation?
Common causes include:
Prematurity
Placenta previa
Uterine anomalies
Multiple pregnancy
Polyhydramnios
Fetal congenital anomalies
Prematurity
Placenta previa
Uterine anomalies
Multiple pregnancy
Polyhydramnios
Fetal congenital anomalies
How is malpresentation diagnosed?
Malpresentation is diagnosed by:
Abdominal examination (Leopold’s maneuvers)
Vaginal examination during labor
Ultrasound, which is the most reliable method
Abdominal examination (Leopold’s maneuvers)
Vaginal examination during labor
Ultrasound, which is the most reliable method
Which malpresentation is the most dangerous?
Transverse lie is considered the most dangerous malpresentation because vaginal delivery is impossible and there is a high risk of cord prolapse and uterine rupture.
Can malpresentation be corrected before delivery?
Yes, some malpresentations (especially breech) can be corrected by External Cephalic Version (ECV) after 36–37 weeks, provided there are no contraindications.
When is cesarean section required in malpresentation?
Cesarean section is required in:
Transverse lie
Persistent brow presentation
Mentum posterior face presentation
Footling breech
Malpresentation with fetal distress or CPD
Transverse lie
Persistent brow presentation
Mentum posterior face presentation
Footling breech
Malpresentation with fetal distress or CPD